Cystic fibrosis related diabetes - viewpoints on three research areas presented at the 20th ECFS basic science conference.

Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is relevant for all individuals with cystic fibrosis. Those who are yet to develop the condition require regular screening, and those who have already received a diagnosis need appropriate treatment to limit the potential impact on their clinical condition. CFRD is distinct from type 1 and type 2 diabetes but has overlapping pathophysiology and genetic risk factors. The prevalence of CFRD is expected to increase with an ageing CF population. The impact of highly effective CFTR modulators on CFRD is unknown, but it is possible that sufficiently early treatment could delay or prevent development of CFRD. However, as studies show limited change in incidence and complexity of CFRD in the post modulator era, it is vital to accelerate research that will have direct patient benefit for the growing population of people living with or who will develop CFRD. In this review we highlight three emerging topics presented at the 20th ECFS Basic Science conference: (i) genetic and non-genetic risk factors for CFRD and their potential to inform on CFRD pathophysiology and to improve clinical risk prediction in CFRD, (ii) role of optimising dietary intake and body composition in the clinical management of CFRD, and (iii) applying advances from type 1 diabetes research including stem cells and organ on chip modelling to CFRD. Collectively, these topics outline emerging directions for CFRD research and clinical care.