Comparing Weight Loss Prior to Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis in Cases and Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Price CA., Mold F., de Lusignan S., Smith NAS., Winn M., Lemanska A.

Pancreatic cancer, characterised by high mortality and late diagnosis, urgently requires improved early detection methods. Unintentional weight loss, reported by 70-75% of patients prior to diagnosis, may serve as a key early marker. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the extent of pre-diagnostic weight loss in pancreatic cancer patients compared with matched controls. Thirteen studies encompassing 12,081 cases and 367,678 controls were analysed, revealing a medium standardised mean difference (SMD = 0.51, [95% CI 0.31-0.71]) equivalent to a 2.26 kg/m2 BMI reduction in people with pancreatic cancer. Significant heterogeneity was observed, influenced by country, publication year, cancer type and diabetes status. Weight loss may serve as a useful non-invasive biomarker for early pancreatic cancer detection, especially in those with new-onset diabetes. Using quantified weight loss data could enhance the accuracy of predictive algorithms, allowing their inclusion in EMR based detection pipelines, ultimately aiding earlier detection and improving survival outcomes.

DOI

10.3233/SHTI260172

Type

Journal article

Publication Date

2026-05-21T00:00:00+00:00

Volume

336

Pages

333 - 337

Total pages

4

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