Gluten-free diet intervention reduces thiamine intake in two weeks, increases glycaemic response and decreases body weight in four weeks, with no long term nutritional deficiencies

This research investigated the effects of gluten free diet (GFD) on nutritional intake, glycaemic and insulin response. In a cross-sectional study, participants who consumed gluten-containing diet (GCD; n = 11) and GFD (n = 11) completed a food diary, blood glucose and insulin measurements. In a pre-post intervention study (n = 11), glycaemic and insulin responses were tested before and after four weeks of a GFD. Food intake was recorded before and after two weeks. No significant differences in nutrient intake, glycaemic or insulin responses were found in the cross-sectional study. In the intervention study, there was a significant reduction in body weight (p =.007) and body mass index (BMI) (p =.004) after four weeks and lower thiamine intake (p =.021) after two weeks of GFD. Glycaemic response was significantly higher (p <.05) following GFD with no differences in insulin response. These differences were not evident if GFD was followed for a longer period, possibly due to improved food choices.