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This research programme consists of the following 3 analytical sections. The first section aims to estimate socioeconomic inequity in preterm birth in the UK and European countries using a concentration index approach. The second section aims to examine the impact of socioeconomic status on preterm birth using a mediation approach. The third section aims to examine the reverse causality using matching method. The data will be pooled across European countries using meta-analysis and multilevel analysis. Overall, this research programme attempts to provide a unique analytical framework for detecting the causality between SES and preterm birth.